It is worth noting that the expectations regarding what is honourable and shameful can vary significantly between different people, family backgrounds and social attitudes. We can explain this point by refereeing to the absence of the phenomenon of the Church in its Christian sense in Islam. The criteria suggested by Lincoln and Guba (Citation1985) were utilised in the current research to ensure trustworthiness. The notion that illness is a test imposed on us by God is an old one. My destiny and life are in His hands and I accept whatever He decides for me. Angela Sanchez. This changed as the Islamic Republic legally enforced the separation of genders and placed extreme restrictions on women. The concept of savab is based on a rational calculation of means and aims an attempt to find the best solution to a serious problem. The Islamic Republic of Iran is a Middle Eastern nation located at the crossroads between Arab Asia and Central Asia. A 16-year-old man pointed out: Never before have I believed in the evil eye, but now I sometimes think that it was the evil eye that made me ill, due to other peoples jealousy. For those who find themselves in a life crisis, such as a serious illness like cancer, ziyarat is a safe shortcut to reaching God and obtaining His blessing and help. Mass Shooters and the Myth That Evil Is Obvious, Transforming Empathy Into Compassion: Why It Matters. As such, women are expected to cover up anything that could be considered an erotic provocateur to avoid unwanted public attention i.e. Get a downloadable, printable version that you can read later. The government also provides donors with free health insurance, and the patients sometimes give an additional donation to donors. Role of Mother: Traditionally, Hmong mothers nurture and take care of the children. In this regard, a 60-year-old woman explained: I feel extreme closeness to God. Cultural and religious beliefs and values may have an impact on preferences for treatment at end-of-life. Culture, a shared set of traditions, belief systems, and behaviors, is shaped by history, religion, ethnic identity, language, and nationality, among other factors. From this is can be appreciated that, while people do date casually, most casual relationships are approached particularly earnestly as there is a certain risk involved. The purpose of this study was to explore factors promoting Iranian older adults' spirituality. Inter-cultural and cross-cultural competencies were made visible. Nevertheless, much of the population shares the benefits of the middle class. Food in daily Life: Iranians have a healthy diet centered on fresh fruits, greens and vegetables. This high rate of cesarean requires careful consideration. 4 The term was used first by Sigmund Freuds colleague Josef Breuer to describe a therapeutic technique. Family values are important to the structure and well-being of the family. Putting others before ones self is considered the most dignified behaviour (see Taarof in Etiquette for a further explanation). A fatalistic attitude about sickness may make Asian patients/families seem resigned to their situation. When she tries to address the issue with her mother and husband, shes turned away. between religion, personal values or beliefs, and a professional clinical judgement. Spiritual Connection means experiencing a sense of connectedness with forces that transcend the individual as a coping method to gain comfort. I always went to pilgrims when I was under chemotherapy. Chief Editor: Robert T. Muller, The Trauma and Mental Health Report. Even Iranians that leave the house as husband and wife can draw negative attention. Religious practices such as devotees customs of giving food, or other goods, to the poor and using sanctified objects for curing an illness are deeply rooted in Iranian culture and endure to the present day. Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: Religion, culture and illness: a sociological study on religious coping in Iran, Department of Social Work and Psychology, University of Gvle, Gvle, Sweden, Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, Department of Counseling Psychology, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran, Department of Nursing, Khoy Medical Sciences Faculty, Urmia Medical Sciences University, Khoy, Iran, Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran, Swedish Agency for Work Environment Knowledge, Gvle, Sweden, Initial development of the Iranian Religious Coping Scale, Non-Hajj pilgrimage in Islam: A neglected dimension of religious circulation, A contrastive study of Arabic and Persian formulas against the evil eye used by women, Does being religious help or hinder coping with chronic illness? 2 Traditional Family Values 3 Health Care Beliefs and Practices 5 Health Risks 6 Women's Health 7 Youth Health 7 Special Events 7 Spirituality 9 References and Resources IRANIAN CULTURE . A Minor Leap Down, an Iranian film featured at international film festivals in Berlin and Toronto, illustrates the struggle of a 30-year-old Iranian woman named Nahal, whose deteriorating mental health is undermined by her family. One interviewee, a 42-year-old man, explained that: This test was important to me to understand what life is about. Health beliefs: In some cultures, people believe that talking about a possible poor health outcome will cause that outcome to occur. Serkeh: Vinegar symbolizes age and patience. One of the methods in this category is Benevolent Religious Reappraisal: using religion to redefine the stressor as benevolent and potentially beneficial. Family beliefs define what you think is essential and what is good. Get the help you need from a therapist near youa FREE service from Psychology Today. The present article is based on an international study on meaning-making coping aimed at understanding the role of culture in coping. One is Support from Saints and Imams but not Clergy. After all the interviews had been transcribed and analyzed, the main citations (participants responses and statements) for each category were translated into English by the researchers. In the current paper, based on the study carried out in Iran, only the results on religious coping methods will be presented. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore determinants of early . Illness may be considered a product of Gods will, and thus accepted or as in the story of Job viewed as educational theodicy (Dein & Stygall, Citation1997). Meat (usually lamb, goat, or chicken) is used as a condiment rather than as the centerpiece of a meal. It should not be assumed that all Iranians share the same language, cultural, religious or political beliefs. Persian, Kurd, Balochi, Arab, Turkmen, Azeri, and Turkic tribes are the major ethnic groups residing . Ziyarat is, however, not merely a way of reaching God to ask for help. The most beloved Imam among Iranians is Imam Reza, whose tomb is in Iran. It has had a Muslim majority population for centuries and so the culture is deeply characterised by its strong Islamic influence. This ensures that the households name is not implicated with trouble and their honour is protected. Such habitual practices are not straightforwardly religious, but emerge from a powerful amalgamation of religious superstitions and ancient cultural beliefs. Thus, we can argue that the reason individuals turn to religion in times of crisis is that religion is more accessible in their sociocultural context than are other resources. Mental illness in a family member is viewed as a familial flaw. Role of Father: In traditional families, the father is the head of the household. Families tend to be small, only 1 or 2 children, but the extended family is quite close. culture and values, Nigerians progressively imbibed the white-men's way of life and values (Nwabuisi, 2000). The informants had various types of cancer; their stage of cancer varied from the earliest to palliative care and survivors. to work, get an education, marry, divorce, bear children or not) varies significantly depending on the attitude of her husband or closest male relative. The interviews varied in length, from around one hour to one and half hours. Here believing in the evil eye was in focus. Some citizens are challenging the government through acts of civil resistance (knowingly breaking the law) because the restrictions are much more authoritarian and paternalistic than what many Iranians desire and believe is true to Islam. Those who are employed usually do desktop-based office work and also rarely get the same management opportunities. Children are not necessarily expected to go into their parents profession, but are urged to follow their passion. The transcriptions were then coded, categorised, and thematised using a thematic analysis method. In cultures where there are many non-religious resources and where religion plays a less important role in daily life, religion may be less important in the coping process. Broadly, one could make the distinction that the educated of society are more liberal whilst those in rural areas are generally more conservative. Health (2 days ago) WebThe Mexicans truly believe that unity is strength. Permission is granted subject to the terms of the License under which the work was published. As the present findings show, the RCOPE methods appear to be of great importance to the Iranian interviewees. FAMILY VALUES Many Iranian immigrants in New Zealand are more westernized and secularized We pay our respects to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander custodians past, present and emerging. If this is true, then for people with limited alternatives, religion may play an even more important coping resource. Today, Iran is home to a population of around 83,024,745 individuals. The interview guide was primarily based on the questions used in the Swedish study (Ahmadi, Citation2015); however, some cultural considerations were applied during production of the final protocol. Iranian culture is patriarchal, legally and culturally males have more rights and privileges than females. Cultural behaviors have important implications for human health. Families are also usually the basis for peoples social and business network. And this is the way he wants to remind me. People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. The interests of the family can supersede the needs of a single individual. Therefore, if Iranians go out with their girlfriend or boyfriend in public, they run the risk of being berated, reported on or even detained. Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. In so doing, the following steps were undertaken. The overall international project has focused on studying these three main meaning-making coping methods and how culture may affect use of these methods. Iran is an Islamic republic, both officially and in practice. Translation included an inevitable process of removing certain nuances from the actual texts. The concepts and topics of spirituality and secular meaning-making coping also overlap, but there is no overlap between secular and religious concepts and topics. Conflict related to cultural beliefs within healthcare commonly arises during times of significant life change. 6. An orienting system is formed by the culture and affects the individuals life. It is common for Iranians to refer to themselves as Persian, which carries the association and prestige of the historical empire.1 The Iranian culture and people have a history of being one of the most progressive in the Middle East. It is a common belief that these actions are good actions that satisfy God and pursue Him to help them. I think one thing that helped me was to walk this path alone. We found two patterns. The notion of solidarity helps us to understand how people of different generations relate to, help and depend on one another in their daily lives. Coding continued until a high level of inter-rater agreement was reached. Significant class differences were exacerbated through periods of recent economic hardship and instability. These fundamental beliefs vary from household to household and society to society-and even from time to time throughout history. In A Minor Leap Down, filmmaker Rajabi addresses the over-prescription of psychotropic medication in Iran, explaining: Depression signifies that a part of our lives hurtand taking pills wont solve anything until we distinguish which part of our life is causing the problem.. 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