River Trent, courtesy of Richard Croft Free guides for fun days out Looking for a perfect place to picnic, relax, think, run, walk your dog and more, all for free? [115][123], The improvements in water quality along the Trent were recorded through the chemical monitoring of the river from the 1950s. And cuts me from the best of all my land At Newark, the last bridge on the Trent until modern times, the bridge was rebuilt in 1775. Lord Paget seems to have funded the work privately, building locks at King's Mill and Burton Mills and several cuts and basins. Associated British Ports, the navigation authority for the river from Gainsborough to Trent Falls, insist that anyone in charge of a boat must be experienced at navigating in tidal waters. These include recreational water activities, and once rehabilitated, as nature reserves and wetlands. DETROIT (AP) Nissan is recalling more than 809,000 small SUVs in the U.S. and Canada because a key problem can cause the ignition to shut off while they're being driven. The river is known for dramatic flooding after storms and spring snowmelt, which in the past often caused the river to change course. Failure to raise much of the capital resulted in another Act being obtained in 1887, with similar aims and similar results. It is 50 miles (80 km) [1] long and is a tributary of the River Trent, which it joins south of Derby. [154] This led to comments that the river had become too clean for its fish, and its popularity, especially for match fishing, declined from the mid 1980s. During a following glaciation (Devensian, 70,000BC) the ice held back vast areas of water called Glacial Lake Humber in the current lower Trent basin. [36][37], Downstream of Armitage the solid geology is primarily Mercia Mudstones, the course of the river following the arc of these mudstones as they pass through the Midlands all the way to the Humber. At Drakelow upstream of Burton the flow increases nearly three-fold to 36.1m3/s (1,270cuft/s), due to the additional inflow from the largest tributary the Tame. Hayne subsequently scuppered a barge in King's Lock, and for the next eight years goods had to be transhipped around it. The River Trent is the third-longest river in the United Kingdom. Navigation was then extended to Wilden Ferry, near to the more recent Cavendish Bridge, as a result of the efforts of the Fosbrooke family of Shardlow. [153], The effluent and industrial pollution of the early 20th century, led to a rapid decline in fish stocks, large stretches of the river became fishless and species such as salmon almost disappeared. [178] At one time these sites provided a quarter of the electricity needs of the UK, giving rise to the epithet 'Megawatt Valley'. Newark was once an important inland port on the mighty River Trent. Historic flood levels have also been recorded at Girton and on the churchyard wall at Collingham. Further north at Littleborough is the site of the Roman town of Segelocum, where a Roman road once crossed the river. [58], The river's flow is measured at several points along its course, at a number of gauging stations. [114], Although he provided land for a sewage works nearby at Strongford, the problems continued such that in 1905 the Levenson-Gower family left Trentham altogether and moved to their other properties, including Dunrobin Castle in Scotland. [136][137], Other managed wetland sites along the river include Beckingham Marshes, Croxall Lakes, Drakelow, and Willington Gravel Pits. There were, however, over thirty ferries that operated along its course, and numerous fords, where passage was possible, their locations indicated by the suffix ford in many riverside place-names such as Hanford, Bridgford, and Wilford. Its drainage basin covers more than 4,000 square miles (10,000 square km). Downstream, the inflow of cleaner water from the Dove and then the Derwent meant that conditions improved enough to allow recreational coarse fishing in the lower reaches. The complex of three bridges provides evidence of attempts to keep a crossing open over slightly more than two hundred years from 1097, with three bridges constructed on the same site but felled by scouring, floods and course migration of the river to the south eroding the bridgehead. [109][110] This divide was also described in Michael Drayton's epic topographical poem, Poly-Olbion, The Sixe and Twentieth Song, 1622: And of the British floods, though but the third I be, [96] Barges still transport gravel from pits at Girton and Besthorpe to Goole and Hull. [11] To the north-east of Burton the river is joined by the River Dove at Newton Solney and enters Derbyshire, before passing between the villages of Willington and Repton where it turns directly east to reach Swarkestone Bridge. River Great Ouse. Nottingham Corporation invested some 450,000 on building the locks authorised by the 1906 Act, starting with Holme lock on 28 September 1921, and finishing with Hazelford lock, which was formally opened by Neville Chamberlain on 25 June 1926. Similar facilities were present in 1870 on the water meadows at Burton-on-Trent, which also had its own swimming club. [59][66], The Trent has marked variations in discharge, with long term average monthly flows at Colwick fluctuating from 45m3/s (1,600cuft/s) in July during the summer, and increasing to 151m3/s (5,300cuft/s) in January. There are many fishing clubs that use the river, with catches including barbel, bream, carp, chub, dace, pike, and roach. A description of the breach was given as follows: The bank is formed upon a plain of sandy nature, and when it was broken in 1795, the water forced an immense breach, the size of which may be judged from the fact that eighty loads of faggots and upwards of four hundred tons of earth were required to fill up the hole, an operation which took several weeks to complete. Unusually for an English river, the channel altered significantly during historic times, and has been described as being similar to the Mississippi in this respect, especially in its middle reaches, where there are numerous old meanders and cut-off loops. Key information about Oxford, Royal Windsor, London and Southend and all the other towns 200+ miles along the River Thames. Facts about the River Trent 5: the native and migrant species. And here the smug and silver Trent shall run This led to increased investment, the closure of older and smaller works, with sewage treatment being combined at larger modern works such as Strongford and Minworth. Students in Alberta will be the first to experience the online grazing simulation game which focuses on the ecosystem services provided by raising cattle on grasslands. Others trips run from Newark castle, and two converted barges; the Newark Crusader and Nottingham Crusader, provide river cruises for disabled people via the St John Ambulance Waterwing scheme. [134], Additional nature conservation areas were created beside the river in the 20th century, when a number of disused gravel pits, were rehabilitated as nature reserves. The Trent is the third-longest river in the United Kingdom. It meanders almost 190 miles through this Futurescape, from the Tame in the heart of the Midlands to the Humber. The river passes through Stoke-on-Trent, Stone, Rugeley, Burton upon Trent and Nottingham before joining the River Ouse at Trent Falls to form the Humber Estuary, which empties into the North Sea between Hull in Yorkshire and Immingham in Lincolnshire. [13][14][15] At West Stockwith the Trent is joined by the Chesterfield Canal and the River Idle and soon after enters Lincolnshire fully, passing to the west of Scunthorpe. The medieval bridges of Burton and Nottingham survived relatively intact until the 1860s, when both were replaced and demolished. The average for the whole Trent catchment is 720mm (28in) which is significantly lower than the average for United Kingdom at 1,101mm (43.3in) and lower than that for England at 828mm (32.6in). Traffic increased from 620,000 tonnes during 1951 to 1,017,356 tonnes during 1964, but all of this was below Nottingham. In some areas, successive layers of peat were built up above the lacustrine deposits during the Holocene period, which created lowland mires such as the Thorne and Hatfield Moors. Many of the largest historical floods were caused by snowmelt, but the last such episode occurred when the bitter winter of 1946-7 was followed by a rapid thaw due to rain in March 1947 and caused severe flooding all along the Trent valley. Later improvements such as the series of purification lakes that were constructed on the Tame in the 1980s, which allowed contaminated sediment to settle out from the river, also reduced pollution levels, and lessened the impact of first flush runoff events in the lower Tame and the middle Trent. Tolls decreased from 11,344 (equivalent to 1,060,000 in 2021),[93] during 1839 to 3,111 (equivalent to 310,000 in 2021),[93] in 1855. Brian/CC BY-SA 2.0. [116][161], Glover noted in 1829 that all three types of crossing were still in use on the Derbyshire section of the Trent, but that the fords were derelict and dangerous. There were also negotiations with the London and North Eastern Railway, who were responsible for the Nottingham Canal between Trent Lock and Lenton. The ferry boats used along the Trent ranged in size from small rowing boats, to flat decked craft that could carry livestock, horses, and in some case their associated carts or wagons. Lichfield. At Stoke-on-Trent in the upper reaches, the average flow is only 0.6m3/s (21cuft/s), which increases considerably to 4.4m3/s (160cuft/s), at Great Haywood, as it includes the flow of the upper tributaries draining the Potteries conurbation. Various canoe and kayak clubs paddle on the river including those at Stone, Burton, and Nottingham. February27February 27, 2023. key towns of river bann. Cities and towns on or close to the river include: Stoke-on-Trent Stone Rugeley Lichfield Burton upon Trent Castle Donington Derby Long Eaton Beeston Nottingham Newark-on-Trent Rampton Dunham Bridge - A57 Swing Toll bridge Gainsborough Gunness Scunthorpe Read more about this topic: River Trent Famous quotes containing the word places: A third Act of 1892 reverted the name to the Trent Navigation Company, and this time, some improvements were performed. The UK's third longest river, the Trent, touches the lives of more than six million people. It flows through and drains most of the metropolitan central and northern Midlands south and east of its source north of Stoke-on-Trent. [95], Although commercial use of the river has declined, the lower river between Cromwell and Nottingham can still take large motor barges up to around 150 feet (46m) in length[90] with a capacity of approx 300 tonnes. [149], The Domesday catalogue showed that there were many successful mills and fisheries along the Trent. [87], The fifth largest flood recorded at Nottingham occurred in November 2000, with widespread flooding of low-lying land along the Trent valley, including many roads and railways. Burton upon Trent. [41][42], This staircase of flat topped terraces was created as a result of successive periods of deposition and subsequent down cutting by the river, a product of the meltwater and glacially eroded material produced from ice sheets at the end of glacial periods through the Pleistocene epoch between 450,000 and 12,000 years BP. [91], At the beginning of the 1790s, the Navigation faced calls for a bypass of the river at Nottingham, where the passage past Trent Bridge was dangerous, and the threat of a canal running parallel to the river, which was proposed by the Erewash and the Trent and Mersey Canal companies. [100][101] A plan to build six locks between Cromwell and Holme, and to dredge this section to ensure it was 60 feet (18m) wide and 5 feet (1.5m) deep was authorised by an Act of Parliament obtained in 1906. The transport of petroleum provided a welcome increase to trade on the river, but little more work was performed before the beginning of the First World War. There is thought to be a complex succession of at least six separate gravel terrace systems along the river, deposited when a much larger Trent flowed through the existing valley, and along its ancestral routes through the water gaps at Lincoln and Ancaster. [162] One of the earliest known fords was the crossing at Littleborough, constructed by the Romans it was paved with flagstones, and supported by substantial timber pilings. In quantity equals not one of yours: . He suggested that dredging, deepening, and restricting the width of the channel could make significant improvements to the navigable depth, although cuts would be required at Wilford, Nottingham bridge and Holme. The Dadfords, who were engineers on the Trent and Mersey Canal, estimated the cost at 20,000, but the proposal was opposed by landowners and merchants on the river, while the Navigator, published in 1788, estimated that around 500 men who were employed to bow-haul boats would have lost their jobs. [177], Once these early stations reached the end of their functional life, they were usually demolished, although in some cases the sites have been retained and redeveloped as gas fired power stations. [158], Salmon, a species that became virtually extinct due to historic pollution, have been progressively reintroduced on the tributaries since 1998, with thousands of salmon parr being released into the Dove and its tributary the Churnet each year. The programme of monitoring also extended to taking biological samples, and one of the first biotic indices used for assessing the ecological rather than the chemical quality of rivers was developed by the local river board in the 1960s. Domestic effluent and polluting discharges from the metal working industries in the upper reaches, combined to affect the whole length of the tributary River Tame. [95], Frank Rayner, who had been with the company since 1887, and had served as its engineer and later general manager since 1896, died in December 1945. [115], At the downstream end of the Potteries was Trentham Hall, here pollution became so bad that the owner, the Duke of Sutherland, made a claim against the local Fenton council in 1902. A number of the smaller Trent tributaries are still named as warping drains, such as Morton warping drain, near Gainsborough. [17] Farther downstream at Hemington, archaeologists have found the remains of a medieval bridge across another abandoned channel. [83] In Newark the water was deep enough to allow four grammar school boys to row across the countryside to Kelham. [151][184][189][190] The first person to swim the entire swimmable length of the Trent was Tom Milner, who swam 139 miles (224km) over nine days in July 2015. [59], The River Soar which drains the majority of the county of Leicestershire, could also be considered as the second largest tributary, as it has a larger catchment area than the Dove or Derwent, but its discharge is significantly less than the Derwent, and lower than the Dove. The central arches of the medieval Swarkestone bridge were knocked out by the great flood of 1795 and rebuilt, but the bridge's more rural location allowed large portions of the medieval bridge to survive and remain in use today. [28], The Trent basin covers a large part of the Midlands, and includes the majority of the counties of Staffordshire, Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Nottinghamshire and the West Midlands; but also includes parts of Lincolnshire, South Yorkshire, Warwickshire and Rutland. [5][6], The name "Trent" is possibly from a Romano-British word meaning "strongly flooding". [46]:3647 Four of these main tributaries, including the Dove and Derwent which drain the upland Peak District, all join within the middle reaches, giving rise to a comparatively energetic river system for the UK. (Until the late 18th century, a long period of stagnation for economic and technical reasons limited the number of bridges over the Trent; it has been noted that relatively few bridges were constructed in England on new sites anywhere between around 12501300 and 1750. An extra set of gates were added to Cromwell lock in 1935, effectively creating a second lock, while the Lenton to Trent Lock section was leased from the LNER in 1936, and ultimately purchased in 1946. Rainfall is Annual Average 196190 for the catchment to the Gauging Station, Tributary names from Ordnance Survey maps added where list amalgamated river reaches, River Order 1 being closest to Trent Falls, Ripper, S. and Cooper L.P., 2009, The Hemington Bridges: "The Excavation of Three Medieval Bridges at Hemington Quarry, Near Castle Donington, Leicestershire", Leicester Archaeology Monograph, Holme Pierrepont National Watersports Centre, National Watersports Centre at Holme Pierrepont, "Historical channel-floodplain dynamics along the River Trent", "Midlands Catchment Flood Management Plans", "University of Wales Trinity Saint David", "The Trent Valley: palaeochannel mapping from aerial photographs", "Stanhope, Sir Thomas 1540-96 of Shelford", "River Trent Catchment Flood Management Plan Chapter 2", "Environment Agency What's in your Backyard", "River Trent Catchment Flood Management Plan Chapter 3", "Geological Evolution of Central England with reference to the Trent Basin and its Landscapes", "The BGS Lexicon of Named Rock Units Gunthorpe member", "The Lower and Middle Palaeolithic Occupation of the Middle and Lower Trent Catchment and Adjacent Areas, as Recorded in the River Gravels used as Aggregate Resources", "River Trent: Archaeology and Landscape of the Ice Age", "The BGS Lexicon of Named Rock Units - Trent Valley Formation", "River Trent Catchment Flood Management Plan Chapter 2 Part1", "River Trent Catchment Flood Management Plan Scoping Report, Part 5", "28095-Tame at Hopwas Bridge Spatial Data Rainfall", "Climate tables Climate region:England 1961-90", "Hi flows UK AMAX Data for: Trent at Colwick (28009)", "1947 U.K. River Floods:60-Year Retrospective", "Hi Flows UK AMAX Data for: Trent at Stoke (28040)", "Hi Flows UK AMAX Data for: Trent at Great Haywood (28006)", "Hi Flows UK AMAX Data for: Trent at Yoxall (28012)", "Hi Flows UK AMAX Data for: Trent at Drakelow (28019)", "Hi Flows UK AMAX Data for: Trent at Shardlow (28007)", "Hi Flows UK AMAX Data for: Trent at North Muskham (28022)", "Willington C Gas Pipeline Environmental Statement, Volume 1, Chapter 7, Hydrology, Hydrogeology and Flood Risk Assessment", "Alluvial Archaeology in the Vale of York", "Chesterfield Canal Trust History of the Restoration", "Nottingham Left Bank Flood Alleviation Scheme Flood Risk Assessment", "Reassessing flood frequency for the River Trent through the inclusion of historical flood information since AD1320", "County floods remembered by Nottinghamshire Archives and Picture the Past", "Hull and north Lincolnshire floods clean-up begins", "East Staffordshire Strategic Flood Risk Assessment Level 1 Report", "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)", British Waterways, River Trent Water Freight Feasibility Study, p11, "Ports and wharves of North Lincolnshire", "Freighter-Celtic-Endeavor-aground-and-refloated". 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