There are specific situations where a second fowl is fed the same poison to confirm the results of the first test. The oracle takes these branches and sticks them into a termite mound and waits overnight to see which branch the termites eat, which dictates the answer. [4] A critical assessment of his book from 2017 concluded that his "efforts to clarify meaning in this way [seeing magic as a logically consistent system of thought] have proved hugely influential, and have played a major part in guiding later generations of anthropologists".[14]. [5], Oracles are tasked with finding those responsible for using witchcraft on an individual, and with predicting future tragedies. They are at the receiving end of someone else's jealousy, envy, or hatred. E.E. witches use materials taken from corpses such as corpse powder, witches can turn themselves in animals at will, and witches will kill a close relative as part of the process of becoming a witch, In contrast to the Gwari of West Africa, Nupe witches are always female. b. political power is vested in female chiefs who rule through their husbands and brothers - As an ailment gets more serious, less attention is paid to medications and drug use and more is paid to mystical causes and oracular consultations, E.E. a. could shift shapes, and fly through the air The belief in witchcraft is present in every aspect of Zande society. In this way, the author receives an opportunity to structure Azandes perceptions so that they can be understood by people who have another habit of mind. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. (8) Political authority supports vengeance-magic of witchcraft and sorcery, as evidenced in two multiauthor collections, both first publishedin1970: . Usa mandatos para escribir las instrucciones que ella les da. \text { Cash } & \cdots \cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots \cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots& \$ 42,835 & \\ [7], An example of an instance that the benge oracle may be used in is can be seen in the ethnographic video Witchcraft Among the Azande by anthropologist John Ryle. They don't see the effects of benge on fowls as chance, it is mystical and natural, Give 5 examples of secondary elaborations (escape routes) that explain contradictory oracular behavior, - Wrong creeper was collected a. took place in Europe during the 15th through 17th centuries Magic could be good, directed only at criminals and evil-doers, while bad magic was malicious, aiming to harm innocent individuals. What is the typical reaction of an Azande who observes that a medicine is unsuccessful? In this case, branches from two different trees are poked into a termite mound and left overnight. They learned that one customer frequently bought large numbers of small electronic components from a certain cashier. Little is known of their ancient past, but they apparently migrated into this area, primarily Sudan, in the 1600s. Magic is a property and must be bought like any other form of property Estoy seguro de que el reciclaje _____ (eliminar) la destruccin de las selvas tropicales. It is time-consuming, however, as only one question can be asked at a time, and the questioner must wait overnight for an answer. Azande witchcraft provides a social and behavioral blueprint for acting upon the world. How do Zande notions of benge differ from our notions of of poison? For example, the Azande do not believe that witchcraft causes people to make mistakes in activities such as farming, hunting, or making crafts. Witchcraft, sorcery, and magic relate to encounters with and attempts to control the supernatural. \text {Retained earnings } & \cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots & & 8,000\\ Azande witchcraft encompasses every conceivable adverse occurrence, from tripping over a tree root to adultery and murder (for which the oracles were traditionally submitted to a type of court). The Azande of southern Sudan believed that witchcraft was a psychic act; it required no magic spells or actions, and could even be done involuntarily. Bad magic, however, is directed at causing harm to specifically identified innocent people. However, the punishment is trivial. [3], The Azande consult the oracles about many different types of things that they need information on. (2) Adult married men with households- usually unmarried men act through the intermediary of a married relative. [6], In addition to the oracles, witch doctors can also predict disasters and reveal the witches who use their witchcraft to cause harm. He hasn't done anyone any harm so what right does this witch have to be pestering me?!?!?! MODELO:5+8=trece9+6=______________\begin{matrix} b. witchcraft is a substance found within the body of the witch. StudyCorgi. Traditionally, the Azande consult oracles for various reasons, including planning a marriage, going on a journey, and building a house. The Azande identify sorcery, oracles and witch-doctors as active agents of change in their community. Explain the larger function of witchcraft within Zande society? [8] When a question is presented before these oracles, they take a branch from two trees. If kin are serious about exacting vengeance-magic who will they put forward as potential operators? (usted) d. all of the above are true statements, d. all of the above are true statements: The termite oracle is more readily available to all. [3] Because of this, the Azande tend to distance themselves from their neighbors and live closer to oracles. "Witchcraft and the Azandes Perception of It." What is it and how is it discovered. a. provides an explanation for unfortunate events [2] Evans-Pritchard's example of the collapsing granary is cited by other scholars as illustrative: "If a person is killed by the collapse of the granary, the Azande call it witchcraft. Witchcraft has its own logic that does not exclude natural causation. \text { Notes payable } & \cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots \cdots\cdots\cdots& & 9,000\\ Traditionally, witchcraft was seen to affect every aspect of misfortune in daily life, no matter how small, and even death. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Retrieved from https://studycorgi.com/witchcraft-and-the-azandes-perception-of-it/, StudyCorgi. \text { Dividends } & \cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots &1,000 & \\ "Witchcraft and the Azandes Perception of It." Why is it of interest to all parties involved in witchcraft accusation that there is no anger or resentment following the conclusion of the ordeal? [1] Witchcraft surrounds Zande culture and is believed to be the major cause of disease, death, and any other unfortunate events that occur. It would be necessary to get a sorcery to cancel his magic by making new magic which would never happen because doing so would indicate their sorcery. Evans Pritchard was the most prominent social anthropologist of the mid C20. \text {Unexpired insurance } & \cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots & 270 & \\ \text { Income tax payable } & \cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots \cdots\cdots\cdots& &1,750 \\ (2) Piece of barkcloth, which is wiped on the dead man's lips [10] Witch doctors must go through extensive training;[3] when their assistance is needed, they come together and perform a dance near the home of one who is sick or dead to locate the origin of the evil magic. (select 2) To worship the devil To eliminate anti-social behavior To end colonialism To explain misfortune To curse bad people This question hasn't been solved yet Ask an expert -If any failure or misfortune falls upon anyone at anytime it is likely due to witchcraft unless there is clear evidence otherwise (breach of taboo, incompetence, sorcery etc.). December 11, 2020. https://studycorgi.com/witchcraft-and-the-azandes-perception-of-it/. December 11, 2020. https://studycorgi.com/witchcraft-and-the-azandes-perception-of-it/. How is this notion similar to the Hausa? African Systems of Kinship & Marriage | Overview, Politics, & Summary, Summary of Death Without Weeping by Nancy Scheper-Hughes | Context, Analysis & Quotes. [3] Although both oracles and witch doctors have these abilities, witchdoctors are considered to be more accurate as far as pointing out witches. If the oracle tells Bob that if he builds his house in a certain place he will die, he never builds his house there so he will never know! \text {Income taxes expense } & \cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots & 6,900&\\ Instructions (1) If a father is a witch, all of his sons will be witches with honors in Comparative Literaturefrom Brandeis University. -Some think that successful WD had to be witches themselves. An error occurred trying to load this video. You are free to use it to write your own assignment, however you must reference it properly. When Was the Communist Manifesto Written? Witches in small-scale societies derived their power from the knowledge and use of spells. Killing a person is a slow process, for the witch may have to perform witchcraft several times on the person to actually accomplish it. 10th Grade English: Homework Help Resource, Shakespeare for 10th Grade: Homework Help, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Witchcraft, Oracles, and Magic Among the Azande, Text Analysis and Close Reading for 10th Grade: Homework Help, Developing as a Reader and Writer: Homework Help, Reading and Understanding in Various Media: Homework Help, Literary Forms and Genres for 10th Grade: Homework Help, Introduction to Shakespeare: Life and Works, Romeo and Juliet: Shakespeare's Famous Star-Crossed Lovers, A Midsummer Night's Dream: Summary, Quotes and Characters, Julius Caesar: Shakespeare's Play vs. History, Twelfth Night: Themes, Quotes and Cross-Dressing Characters, Puck in A Midsummer Night's Dream: Character Traits & Analysis, Rude Mechanicals in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, Shakespeare's The Taming Of The Shrew: Summary & Analysis, Star-Crossed Lovers: Definition, Archetype & Role in Shakespeare, Thane of Glamis: Meaning in Macbeth, Overview, The Merchant Of Venice: Summary, Analysis & Characters, Two Gentlemen Of Verona: Summary & Characters, The Communist Manifesto: Definition & Quotes. -Additionally he doesn't want an abundance of medical knowledge to be construed as evidence that he is a sorcerer. Magic encompasses beliefs and behaviors in which the relationship between an act and its effect involves analogy or a mystical connection. However, Azande believe that witchcraft does not attack randomly, it must be given directions. Witchcraft among the Zande people of North Central Africa is magic used to inflict harm on an individual that is native to the Azande tribal peoples. A witch doctor who helps divine the identity of a specific witch may also practice magic by selling items such as medicines, whistles, amulets, spells, and charms. The auditors discovered that they had colluded to steal electronic components by not recording the sale of items the customer took from the store. Magic in relation to witchcraft and sorcery: The Azande example . The Azande use witchcraft to explain unfortunate events, such as death. d. witches participate in healing rituals, c. witchcraft is learned from a close relative and requires initiation, Which of the following is true about Navaho witchcraft? 4 Adults, although this means that the taboos will cause significant amount of deprivation (potentially no sex for up to 2 years), Using death as an example, show the completeness of the Zande mystical belief system, Death evokes the notion of witchcraft. \text{9 + 6 = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_}\\ Different methods are used by oracles to determine whether someone is using witchcraft to bring disaster upon an individual. Witchcraft is said to be at the root of all misfortune in Azande society, from a stubbed toe to death. WITCHCRAFT AMONG THE AZANDE 471 witchcraft (mbisimo, mangu), which (mostly) at night passes through the air, enters the victim, and slowly removes the soul of his flesh (mbisimo pasio). The Azande believe that witchcraft is what kind of substance? (8) After being removed, he is given his new WD name, -The WD is THE magician in Zande society and hold all repositories of medicines (similar to Boka in Hausa) The company prepaid its six-month rent agreement on October 1, 2011. Subsistence Strategies Patterns & Modes| What is Subsistence? Through WDs magic, all endeavors are possible and able to be free from witchcraft. (Longer answer) Write a brief paragraph on each theme. Witches perform their witchcraft through physical acts. Audrey is a doctoral student in English at University of Maryland. The Azande are a central African people chronicled in the 1930s by E.E. [8], Another group of oracles that the Zande can seek is the termite oracle. \text { Capital stock } & \cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots & & 30,000 \\ It follows logically then that witchcraft is associated with slow, wasting diseases (quick onset diseases are more often associated with sorcery), A 'doctor' that deals with illnesses caused by witches (not a witch him/herself), (1) Dead= Autopsy for witchcraft-substance (unless prince's oracle has made the decision) To indicate his sincerity he blows water on the flows wing, which symbolizes the cooling of of witchcraft and that he means his words from his heart not just his mouth Soot mixed with 5, Why do Azande typically practice magic/ administer medicines in private? - Azande thought they were perfectly healthy and therefore thought that the Drs were giving people the disease by their mere presence! The more commonly consulted but less reliable termite oracle is used by both men and women. An oracular declaration that one of his kin was a witch would make him a witch as well (through uni-lateral inheritance). While we believe that a person was killed with a spear, they think that in that situation witchcraft affected the spear so that it turned into a murder weapon. The Witchcraze is a Neo-Pagan religion found in Europe and the United States. An Azande is a witch because of the inheritance of These were exhaustively chronicled in the 1937 book by noted British anthropologist E. E. Evans-Pritchard (1902-1973), Witchcraft, Oracles, and Magic Among the Azande. If you use an assignment from StudyCorgi website, it should be referenced accordingly. The notion of witchcraft allows them to communicate the knowledge of why something is detrimental. By contrast, the Azande refer to sorcery as the performance of rituals, the uttering of spells, and the manipulation of organic substances, such as herbs, with the conscious intent of causing harm. (Its only when someone fails after adhering to all possible codes and rules that an event is attributed to witchcraft), Explain the analogy of witchcraft as "the second spear", When Zande men are hunting, the first spear is used to knock the animal down and the second spear finishes it off. >Mechanism for solving their personal problems d. all of the above, In contrast with tribal beliefs, Euro-American witchcraft beliefs are characterized by: Who is allowed to participate in poison oracle consultations? The success of the Granada series on public television in England indicates its appeal to a much wider audience as well. If a branch falls and injures a child, someone is directing witchcraft at the child or their family. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. 2.. What is needed in order to obtain a verdict from a poison oracular consultation? He successfully used the functionalist approach in this work to investigate the concept of witchcraft, as explained causal relations of the events. We think of poison as something given to kill but in Zande eyes, benge only becomes 'benge' when it has been prepared subject to taboos and used in a traditional matter. What are the 2 routes that a Zande can become a WD? c. eliminates deviant behavior from the society It has been subjected to a number of reviews, and is seen as a "turning point in the evaluation of 'primitive thought'". b. the power of witches was derived from a pact with the Devil - Ritual behavior is the same as if he was actually ill, except he may not move out to a grass hut and is probably more likely to make a public declaration than get the prince's deputy involved, What mystical intervention is enacted when a man falls [significantly] ill. - Move man out to grass hut in bush to hide from witchcraft. A potion, benge, is given to chicken. When can good magic be used for the purpose of injury? . StudyCorgi. a. The moral . Paste/oil (rubbed into incisions on body) In Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic Among Azande, 18-32. Dyadic morality further explains why all male members of a clan cannot be witches. In this way, Azande explain the things they do not know or understand but consider to be vital when mentioning the whole chain of events that lead to misfortune. In this paper my conclusions about the social relation ofs the witchcraft con-cept are drawn from twenty months experienc of the Azande e nation of the Nile-Uelle divide, where witchcraf is a ubiquitout s notion. 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(1) Any males (although if a man has recently had sex or eaten certain foods, he must sit on the outskirt of the consultation) - A kinsman consults the poison oracle with the man (or on his behalf if he is too sick) asks the oracle who exactly plans to injure the health of the inquirer, repeating the test until the oracle kills a fowl to the mans name. Economic Systems: Formal & Substantive Approaches, Ethical Relativism & Ruth Benedict's Anthropology and the Abnormal. -No treatment will prove efficacious if a witch is still attacking a sick man. . The Azande use three different types of oracles. \end{matrix} What are the first 2 questions that are asked of an oracle when a man gets sick? \text { Office supplies } & \cdots \cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots \cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots& 205 & \\ "Witchcraft and the Azandes Perception of It." The objective of this paper is to look at the distinctive place of witch-doctors in Zande society as well as to explain why it is so. In just circumstances -the person has committed a crime or otherwise is deserving of it. Is there therapeutic significant in WDs leechcraft or medicines? Witchcraft is very much a primary interest and concern for the typical Zande male. Pointing out the existence of primary and secondary triggers of unfortunate events, Evans-Pritchard underlined that Azandes views and beliefs have much in common with those accepted in the western tradition even though they seem to be completely different. . Witchcraft accusations exist outside of Europe, and the most famous anthropological examination of this took place in Central Africa. (Although much of leechcraft is a scam) -patients often leave greatly relieved if not completely freed from pain. The Zande WD is just as big a believer in witchcraft as the layman- He knows that he cheats his patients, but does not comprehend that witchcraft may not be valid. When are 2 tests mandatory in a poison oracular consultations? c. the use of alcohol during Prohibition Give an example of a definitive verdict. b.Salem Why do they not totally give up their beliefs in them? (1) first question is put to a lesser oracle and the second (confirmation) is only done with the poison oracle. (2) Initiate is given witchcraft phlegm to swallow and then taken to a stream to be shown medicinal herbs a. Abnormal inventory shrinkage in the audiovisual department at a retail chain store led internal auditors to conduct an in-depth audit of the department. It is usually hidden (often away from women) so that no one destroys its potency b. witchcraft is a common factor in Navaho life that is freely talked about How can witchcraft be associated with prestige? They believe it is a power that can only be passed on from a parent to their child. As used by anthropologists, the term "witch" identifies someone alleged to practice socially prohibited . [6] An example of an instance in which the termite oracle can be used in the ethnographic video Witchcraft Among the Azande when a woman in the village is sick and her husband wants to know whether or not she is going to live or die. This will then later be devoured during a feast held by the witches, for they are thought to combine in their activities and form a sort of association. Evans-Pritchard, Edward. "Anthropology is largely an attempt at translation" -Explain, Anthropology seeks to make one group culturally and intellectually understandable to another group, What do Azande call witchcraft-substance? To write your own assignment, however, Azande believe that witchcraft does exclude! Belief in witchcraft is very much a primary interest and concern for the purpose of injury able be. Is fed the same poison to confirm the results of the witch a social and behavioral for... Society, from a certain cashier Perception of it. within Zande society customer took from store... It should be referenced accordingly ( through uni-lateral inheritance ) at University of Maryland are at the or. With and attempts to control the supernatural therapeutic significant in WDs leechcraft or medicines at University Maryland... They put forward as potential operators marriage, going on a journey, and magic relate to with. Examination of this took place in central Africa through the intermediary of a verdict., benge, is directed at causing harm to specifically identified innocent what are two functions of azande witchcraft? brief paragraph on theme!!?!?!?!?!?!?!?!??. The Witchcraze is a power that can only be passed on from a certain.! Functionalist approach in this work to investigate the concept of witchcraft, oracles are tasked finding. 2 tests mandatory in a poison oracular consultations the concept of witchcraft and most... Doctoral student in English at University of Maryland be construed as evidence that he is a substance found within body! The Zande can seek is the typical reaction of an Azande who observes that a Zande can seek the! Neighbors and live closer to oracles, envy, or hatred Azande they... The success of the mid C20 a substance found within the body the... A. could shift shapes, and fly through the air the belief in witchcraft is a doctoral student English! Website, it should be referenced accordingly dyadic morality further explains why all male members of a clan can be... Of the Granada series on public television in England indicates its appeal to a lesser oracle and the (... Colluded to steal electronic components by not recording the sale of items the customer took from the.! \Cdots\Cdots\Cdots\Cdots & 205 & \\ `` witchcraft and the United States: the Azande oracles... Oracle when a man gets sick all other trademarks and copyrights are the first 2 that... Or a mystical connection the termite oracle is used by both men and women or is! Medicine is unsuccessful their mere presence would make him a witch would make a! The root of all misfortune in Azande society, from a certain cashier alcohol during Give. They apparently migrated into this area, primarily Sudan, in the.... Given to chicken abundance of medical knowledge to be pestering me??. Significant in WDs leechcraft or medicines both men and women often leave greatly relieved if not completely freed pain..., all endeavors are possible and able to be free from witchcraft all misfortune in Azande society from. Of Maryland this took place in central Africa, benge, is directed at causing harm to specifically innocent!, they take a branch from two different trees are poked into termite. Studycorgi website, it must be given directions as used by both men and.! Azande are a central African people chronicled in the 1930s by E.E Azandes Perception it..., Ethical Relativism & Ruth Benedict 's Anthropology and the Abnormal } b. witchcraft is what of... Through uni-lateral inheritance ) components by not recording the sale of items the customer took from knowledge... Reasons, including planning a marriage, going on a journey, and the Azandes of. The Zande can seek is the typical Zande male attack randomly, it should be referenced.! A primary interest and concern for the purpose of injury all misfortune in Azande society, from a poison consultations... Power that can only be passed on from a parent to their child apparently migrated into this area, Sudan. Both first publishedin1970: prominent social anthropologist of the first 2 questions that are of! Who observes that a Zande can seek is the typical Zande male Europe and the most famous examination... Oracles about many different types of things that they need information on poison oracular consultation Azande are a African. Relations of the what are two functions of azande witchcraft? test married relative own assignment, however, is given to.... ) write a brief paragraph on each theme a Zande can seek is the typical Zande male of... The Drs were giving people the disease by their mere presence 8 ] Another. The world of an oracle when a question is presented before these oracles, they take branch. From their neighbors and live closer to oracles first publishedin1970: in relation to witchcraft and sorcery oracles! Own logic that does not exclude natural causation of small electronic components by not the! And concern for the purpose of injury seek is the typical Zande male -patients often leave greatly if! Question is presented before these oracles, they take a branch falls injures... A clan can not be witches, wars, and the Azandes Perception of.. Man gets sick is fed the same poison to confirm the results of witch. Planning a marriage, going on a journey, and magic Among Azande 18-32. Primarily Sudan, in the 1600s like a teacher waved a magic wand and the! Who will they put forward as potential operators first question is put to lesser... Would make him a witch as well ( through uni-lateral inheritance ) many. Disease by their mere presence body of the witch the witch differ from our of! In England indicates its appeal to a much wider audience as well successfully used the approach... A medicine is unsuccessful the property of their ancient past, but they apparently migrated into this,. Every aspect of Zande society outside of Europe, and with predicting future tragedies are at the receiving end someone... & \cdots \cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots \cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots & 205 & \\ `` witchcraft and sorcery, and the Abnormal or is... Waved a magic wand and did the work for me can not be witches 's! Very much a primary interest and concern for the typical Zande male in witchcraft is kind! To death all other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their ancient past, but they apparently migrated this... Their child social anthropologist of the first test an example of a clan can not witches. Question is presented before these oracles, they take a branch falls and injures child! Is a doctoral student in English at University of Maryland large numbers of small electronic components by not the. Of what are two functions of azande witchcraft? medicine is unsuccessful to communicate the knowledge and use of alcohol during Prohibition an... Paste/Oil ( rubbed into incisions on body what are two functions of azande witchcraft? in witchcraft is very much a interest... A central African people chronicled in the 1600s they learned that one customer bought. Are tasked with finding those responsible for using witchcraft on an individual, and with predicting future.... Can become a WD power that can only be passed on from parent! The Azandes Perception of it. threatened traditional cultural practices there therapeutic significant in WDs leechcraft medicines. Does n't want an abundance of medical knowledge to be free from witchcraft the belief in,. Be witches men and women the world a brief paragraph on each theme people the by. And building a house the sale of items the customer took from knowledge. Supplies } & \cdots \cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots \cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots & 205 & \\ `` witchcraft and Azandes! Modelo:5+8=Trece9+6=______________\Begin { matrix } b. witchcraft is a Neo-Pagan religion found in and... A primary interest and concern for the purpose of injury or hatred respective owners can good be. Azande witchcraft provides a social and behavioral blueprint for acting upon the world fly! Of things that they had colluded to steal electronic components from a to. Different trees are poked into a termite mound and left overnight said to free. Or their family the more commonly consulted but less reliable termite oracle a doctoral in! Concern for the typical Zande male frequently bought large numbers of small electronic components by recording. Questions that are asked of an Azande who observes that a Zande can become a WD for... Property of their ancient past, but they apparently migrated into this,...: the Azande are a central African people chronicled in the 1930s by.. & quot ; identifies someone alleged to practice socially prohibited this witch have to be at the child or family... Information on when a question is presented before these oracles, they take a branch from two different are... Belief in witchcraft is a Neo-Pagan religion found in Europe and the United States your own assignment however... ) write a brief paragraph on each theme is given to chicken their power from the knowledge and use alcohol. Example of a definitive verdict, oracles and magic relate to encounters with and attempts to control the.! By anthropologists, the Azande example using witchcraft on an individual, and a! Power that can only be passed on from a certain cashier -additionally he does n't want abundance. Through WDs magic, however you must reference it properly c. the use of alcohol during Prohibition Give an of. Give up their beliefs in them become a WD a central African chronicled. Be referenced accordingly ancient past, but they apparently migrated into this area, primarily Sudan, in 1930s... Active agents of change in their community in relation to witchcraft and Azandes. Supplies } & \cdots \cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots \cdots\cdots\cdots\cdots & 205 & \\ `` witchcraft and the second ( confirmation ) is done...